![]() Late diagnosis of these mood disorders can worsen the prognosis. These outcomes mirror symptoms of depressive disorder, as depression often also entails great personal suffering, increased risk of suicide, and social dysfunction. Such misdiagnosis and subsequent inappropriate treatment (e.g., antidepressant-induced manic switch) can lead to detrimental outcomes such as increased suicide risk and mood instability. This tendency can lead to misdiagnosis of bipolar disorder as depressive disorder. Individuals with bipolar disorder are more likely to seek help for depression than for hypomania or mania because the former’s symptoms tend to be more distressing. Early detection of bipolar patients is difficult because they spend much more time in the depressive phase than in the manic or hypomanic phase. However, the early detection of mood disorders also entails the necessity of discriminating between depressive and bipolar disorders. This can also help streamline treatment resources. Many studies have demonstrated that early diagnosis and treatment of mood disorders improves outcomes dramatically, and efficient screening tools allow both mental health care providers and researchers to identify and assist those most likely to benefit from a full psychiatric assessment. Prevention of mood disorders may be possible through early screening and intervention therefore, accurate diagnosis of mood disorders is vital in providing appropriate treatment. Because primary care detects only 30–50% of mood disorders, patients with these disorders often remain untreated, which can lead to detrimental outcomes such as mood instability or deterioration, and even suicide. Moreover, symptoms began at least 10 years before the average patient was diagnosed with a mood disorder. Among low-income individuals, patients with mood disorders are evaluated by an average of eight physicians before receiving a correct diagnosis. Many who suffer from mood disorders make repeated primary care visits without receiving an accurate diagnosis. ![]() ![]() They cause social dysfunction due to frequent relapses and represent major causes of suicide. Mood disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder, are among the most common mental disorders. Additionally, the use of the MMPI-2 in the differential diagnosis of psychiatric disorders contributes to large-scale research-based evidence of its validity. Īs such, the MMPI-2 has been the subject of various validity studies and has the advantage of being able to use validity scales to detect response bias not only in psychiatry, but also in forensic evaluation and daily screening tests. The reason for the widespread use of the MMPI-2 in personnel review is its relatively easy management, objective scoring and interpretation procedures, and validity scales of clinically relevant symptomatic behaviors obtained from diverse populations. The MMPI-2 is the most widely used tool in personnel screening for occupations that require appropriate psychological coordination and responsibility, such as police officers, firefighters, air traffic controllers, and flight attendants. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) was developed to discriminate and diagnose commonly occurring mental disorders. (4) Conclusions: Using machine learning analysis, we defined that participants’ mood symptoms could be classified and predicted better than when using the Restructured Clinical scales. When predicting hypomanic symptoms with RC9, the AUC was 0.704, but this value was 0.767 when using the linear discriminant method. When using RCd to predict depressive symptoms, the AUC was 0.807, but this value was 0.840 when using linear discriminant classification. ![]() (3) Results: Through the machine learning technique, depressive symptoms were predicted with an AUC of 0.634–0.767, and the corresponding value range for hypomanic symptoms was 0.770–0.840. We performed machine learning analysis using the k-nearest neighbor classification, linear discriminant analysis, and random forest classification. We used the 10 MMPI-2 Restructured Form scales and 23 Specific Problems scales for the MMPI-2-RF as predictors. We used the PHQ-9 to evaluate depressive symptoms and the MDQ to evaluate hypomanic symptoms. (2) Methods: We analyzed a total of 8645 participants. ![]() Mood disorders are the most common mental disorders worldwide they present difficulties in early detection, go undiagnosed in many cases, and have a poor prognosis. (1) Background: The MMPI-2-RF is the most widely used and most researched test among the tools for assessing psychopathology, and previous studies have established its validity. ![]()
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